1 00:00:00,330 --> 00:00:03,770 For some people it doesn't work spending time in a hospital, 2 00:00:03,770 --> 00:00:07,390 you might say, but perhaps you don't study medicine like me and you don't have a doctor 3 00:00:07,390 --> 00:00:11,250 retirement as an uncle. He knows everyone and decided to help me choose the 4 00:00:11,250 --> 00:00:14,930 specialization. It's not a pill morphine. And then he doesn't let it pass by 5 00:00:14,930 --> 00:00:18,190 all the sets of the greatest show medical television in the history of 6 00:00:18,190 --> 00:00:21,650 of advanced search, even if the My uncle's hospital practice is 7 00:00:21,650 --> 00:00:22,650 experimental. 8 00:00:23,290 --> 00:00:26,130 Robert is charming, choose again more. 9 00:00:26,590 --> 00:00:29,190 It's really too late to sign up for the jurisprudence? 10 00:00:39,640 --> 00:00:44,160 For some it's the body camera human, for others the mirror of 11 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:47,480 Today we talk about ophthalmology, the study of the eye. 12 00:00:47,780 --> 00:00:51,220 The mechanics of the eye is somewhat complex. Do you see my fingers? 13 00:00:51,540 --> 00:00:55,880 You have no idea how many there are parts that can get sick. Two. 14 00:00:56,900 --> 00:00:59,540 It's like fixing a car photographic. 15 00:01:00,010 --> 00:01:04,209 If there are problems with the lens or to the cornea, must be resolved and 16 00:01:04,209 --> 00:01:08,010 correct or we won't get a good one photograph. Now let's look at the other one 17 00:01:08,430 --> 00:01:13,170 The eye looks, records an image, sends it to the brain and the brain sends it 18 00:01:13,170 --> 00:01:14,590 reverse. Funny, right? 19 00:01:19,710 --> 00:01:23,770 C, H, one I, one N, one A. 20 00:01:25,330 --> 00:01:28,890 Perfect, Robert, my vision is perfect. Each letter is as clear as the 21 00:01:30,420 --> 00:01:31,520 Made in China. 22 00:01:33,960 --> 00:01:36,480 Uncle, you see, you have to read on the table. 23 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:38,400 I know. 24 00:01:38,560 --> 00:01:40,060 Where do you think I read it? 25 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:44,220 According to my uncle, to be good doctor you must be a good patient. 26 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:48,460 Then we will undergo every test possible and imaginable ophthalmology. 27 00:01:48,740 --> 00:01:53,240 In this field there are two categories of doctors. Optometrists, who solve 28 00:01:53,240 --> 00:01:55,900 problems such as myopia and presbyopia with l use of lenses. 29 00:01:57,300 --> 00:02:01,840 And the others who deal with the eye in depth, they cure diseases and 30 00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:06,500 they also intervene at a surgical level. It's the last one. Thank you. Here, I'll leave it 31 00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:07,279 folder here. 32 00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:10,940 We ophthalmologists have studied medicine, we are doctors of medicine, 33 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:14,000 we prescribe drugs and intervene surgically. 34 00:02:14,540 --> 00:02:19,460 An ophthalmologist is treating patients all ages, from children to the elderly. 35 00:02:21,700 --> 00:02:24,340 Patients complain of various ailments genre. 36 00:02:24,830 --> 00:02:27,310 ranging from blurred vision to black spots. 37 00:02:27,570 --> 00:02:31,890 And now let's move on to the left eye. The eye exam begins with grandma 38 00:02:31,890 --> 00:02:34,510 of all eye exams, the Snellen chart. 39 00:02:35,330 --> 00:02:39,290 Vision is measured at a distance of 20 feet, the distance between where the 40 00:02:39,290 --> 00:02:41,890 patient and table. The perfect view It's 20 out of 20. 41 00:02:43,290 --> 00:02:47,850 PHTC Anyone with perfect vision can read these letters at a distance of 42 00:02:47,850 --> 00:02:48,850 feet. 43 00:02:49,680 --> 00:02:54,140 Some patients need glasses, to others video games. No, I'm not 44 00:02:54,140 --> 00:02:58,040 inventing. The researchers put some kids with the so-called eye 45 00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:01,940 lazy in front of a video game and have covered the healthy eye with a patch, 46 00:03:01,960 --> 00:03:04,360 thus forcing the other to concentrate on the screen. 47 00:03:04,660 --> 00:03:07,660 It seems to have enhanced its motility in about three hours of play. 48 00:03:08,120 --> 00:03:11,760 Sometimes turning on the console can be how to bring your eyes to the gym. 49 00:03:14,220 --> 00:03:18,280 No eye exam is complete without him. It's called Thoropter. 50 00:03:18,860 --> 00:03:22,960 It is used to determine with accuracy what reflective error it has 51 00:03:22,960 --> 00:03:27,460 patient. The nurse tries several types of lens on these goggles and 52 00:03:27,460 --> 00:03:30,500 the one that makes you see better will say what fix do you need. 53 00:03:31,220 --> 00:03:32,220 A. 54 00:03:32,800 --> 00:03:33,800 Two. 55 00:03:38,380 --> 00:03:40,460 Do you want to go to the bathroom before the visit? 56 00:03:40,700 --> 00:03:42,020 Thanks uncle, I already did it. 57 00:03:44,860 --> 00:03:48,020 One or two? 58 00:03:48,570 --> 00:03:51,510 Ah, I'll ask you, did you go there before? 59 00:03:51,850 --> 00:03:55,050 My uncle always travels one way. One or two? 60 00:03:57,870 --> 00:04:00,690 The pupils open or close a depending on the light. 61 00:04:01,230 --> 00:04:05,450 The ophthalmologist checks this reflex with a special eye drop, so the 62 00:04:05,450 --> 00:04:08,230 they remain wide open and it is possible examine your eyes. 63 00:04:08,910 --> 00:04:13,250 If we want to examine the eye it is needed that the pupil is dilated to be able to 64 00:04:13,250 --> 00:04:14,250 see in detail. 65 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:19,980 One of the tools for observing through the pupil is l 66 00:04:19,980 --> 00:04:21,800 place the instrument on your head, like this. 67 00:04:22,540 --> 00:04:27,580 The light must be among the eyes. Then I take a lens, project the 68 00:04:27,580 --> 00:04:32,500 beam of light through the lens and l The image is optically received by 69 00:04:32,500 --> 00:04:36,600 my eyes and from the brain through the 'ophthalmoscope. If we could 70 00:04:36,600 --> 00:04:40,440 shrink and enter the eye, we would find ourselves swimming. The eye is 71 00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:41,820 made essentially of water. 72 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:46,460 Inside there is a protective stretch called cornea. The cornea rivets the 73 00:04:46,460 --> 00:04:47,480 crystalline and the iris. 74 00:04:49,100 --> 00:04:53,240 Zooming through the pupil and the mood glassy, we see well everywhere. 75 00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:59,060 In the back of the eye there is a special covering, the retina. All of them 76 00:04:59,060 --> 00:05:01,900 fibers that compose it flow into the optic nerve. 77 00:05:04,020 --> 00:05:08,040 The optic nerve is very important, it is like a television antenna. 78 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:12,660 collects all the signals brought by the light stimulus that hits the retina 79 00:05:12,660 --> 00:05:18,780 and conducts information from the eye to the brain, where the 80 00:05:18,780 --> 00:05:21,400 signal that is transformed into an image. 81 00:05:23,340 --> 00:05:27,360 Many focus on the part visible, i.e. the front part of the 82 00:05:27,400 --> 00:05:31,220 but the vital structures are found in the rear one. The vital structures 83 00:05:31,220 --> 00:05:35,140 the retina and the optic nerve. Here, now I want you to look straight ahead. 84 00:05:35,220 --> 00:05:36,220 Straight, okay? 85 00:05:36,680 --> 00:05:40,980 The good health of your eyes depends on also from pressure. Let's measure the 86 00:05:40,980 --> 00:05:42,680 intraocular pressure with the tonopen. 87 00:05:42,900 --> 00:05:46,860 A small compression is exerted on the cornea, which is the front part 88 00:05:46,860 --> 00:05:51,860 'eye, and the resistance offered indicates a certain value. It's an easy exam, a 89 00:05:51,860 --> 00:05:54,220 low value indicates that the pressure is low. 90 00:05:54,700 --> 00:05:56,640 This is the first value, now the second. 91 00:05:57,300 --> 00:06:00,220 If you need a major fifth, the pressure will be higher. 92 00:06:01,260 --> 00:06:05,360 A soft eye will have pressure low, a hard eye requires one 93 00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:07,240 higher and the pressure is higher. 94 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:12,380 If your eyes require effort major and it's not a good sign, the doctors 95 00:06:12,380 --> 00:06:15,860 they will examine you with equipment more precise, the tonometer. 96 00:06:17,300 --> 00:06:22,300 Soon we will see how trauma can cause injury to the eyeball e 97 00:06:22,300 --> 00:06:23,440 'it is possible to intervene. 98 00:06:31,039 --> 00:06:35,080 Seeing is believing, someone said. So my uncle and I will undergo 99 00:06:35,080 --> 00:06:38,080 every possible and imaginable test, hoping everything goes well. 100 00:06:38,480 --> 00:06:42,340 And it will be long, because here there are more tools that in the workshop of a 101 00:06:42,340 --> 00:06:46,480 mechanical. This test is done to see if there are occlusions inside the 102 00:06:46,480 --> 00:06:51,140 'eye. The produced fluid has a channel of exit at the front of the 103 00:06:51,140 --> 00:06:55,560 'eye. If it doesn't work properly, the fluid may overflow. It's a bit the 104 00:06:55,560 --> 00:06:57,620 principle of the colo hole in a sink. 105 00:06:59,150 --> 00:07:03,190 It is the most accurate tool for measuring the pressure and should be positioned like this, 106 00:07:03,330 --> 00:07:04,330 here it is. 107 00:07:05,050 --> 00:07:08,550 This machine represents the state of the art in ophthalmology. 108 00:07:08,850 --> 00:07:12,250 The cone in which the blue light turns on it is called a tonometer. 109 00:07:15,210 --> 00:07:20,590 The tonometer reads the pressure that is measured thanks to this knob 110 00:07:20,590 --> 00:07:24,570 expressed in numerical values, the patient pressure can be 10, 111 00:07:25,480 --> 00:07:29,640 It is simply detected precisely touching the eye. If the quantity of 112 00:07:29,640 --> 00:07:33,400 fluid is excessive, the pressure may damage the optic nerve. Don't have 113 00:07:33,400 --> 00:07:36,960 fear, the eye does not explode, but you could see what it's like inside 114 00:07:36,960 --> 00:07:41,600 tunnel. It is one of the symptoms of glaucoma. Tends to affect peripheral vision, 115 00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:45,560 unfortunately somewhat symptomatic, because the eye can adapt like this 116 00:07:45,560 --> 00:07:50,720 we don't understand or notice immediately that it is peripheral vision. 117 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:53,580 That's why check-ups are so important. 118 00:07:58,090 --> 00:08:02,930 I measure intraocular pressure as glaucoma prevention. And what are the 119 00:08:02,930 --> 00:08:04,350 glaucoma symptoms? 120 00:08:04,610 --> 00:08:09,250 In the current state of affairs, not we have symptoms of glaucoma. No 121 00:08:09,470 --> 00:08:14,670 No symptoms, you just have them over time a progressive loss of vision 122 00:08:14,670 --> 00:08:18,150 peripheral. Ah, yes, the vision peripheral. 123 00:08:19,790 --> 00:08:26,330 Yes, a progressive fall that continues until it turns into complete blindness. 124 00:08:27,870 --> 00:08:29,350 There is a complete city. Exact. 125 00:08:34,210 --> 00:08:40,669 Sometimes the roots of eye problems they are much thinner. 126 00:08:41,870 --> 00:08:46,890 Trauma to the head or toes eyes can lead to detachment of 127 00:08:46,950 --> 00:08:51,910 Trauma can induce displacement of the vitrio humor and this shift 128 00:08:51,910 --> 00:08:54,450 over time it turns into detachment of retina. 129 00:08:54,970 --> 00:08:59,450 Camera and eye follow the same rules. The light passes through 130 00:08:59,450 --> 00:09:02,970 the cornea and hits the film in the back of the eye producing a 131 00:09:02,970 --> 00:09:07,130 'image. The film is the retina and if the photo is scratched or wrinkled 132 00:09:07,130 --> 00:09:08,130 it appears ruined. 133 00:09:09,990 --> 00:09:13,930 Retinal traction and detachment yes they occur when the vitrio humor presses 134 00:09:13,930 --> 00:09:19,470 retina. This creates traction. It's not a separation but a principle of 135 00:09:19,470 --> 00:09:24,020 detachment. When we are in the presence of a traction on the retina, the fluid 136 00:09:24,020 --> 00:09:28,820 internal passes through it and how if it were old wallpaper, 137 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:33,680 here, at this point, the retina yes detaches from the ocular walls and you have the 138 00:09:33,680 --> 00:09:34,680 complete detachment. 139 00:09:35,080 --> 00:09:39,580 To doctors, traction seems like one tiny door, the flap of a 140 00:09:39,580 --> 00:09:44,480 a little pressure at this height and you see her doing the airplane. 141 00:09:45,900 --> 00:09:48,440 Sometimes problems are caused by trauma. 142 00:09:48,830 --> 00:09:49,910 Sometimes you just have them. 143 00:09:50,650 --> 00:09:55,530 If retinal traction were to compromise one of the blood vessels, the 144 00:09:55,530 --> 00:09:58,830 patient will see floating spots caused by the spill. 145 00:10:00,210 --> 00:10:03,690 They are like shadows or squiggles across which you see. 146 00:10:04,570 --> 00:10:10,850 They told me like a handful of flies, or butts of dust or smoke. I 147 00:10:10,850 --> 00:10:15,030 patients describe very creative these floating spots. If 148 00:10:15,030 --> 00:10:17,470 you see flashes, this is also a bad sign. 149 00:10:18,220 --> 00:10:24,220 I was doing laundry when I saw it a purple flash and I thought for a moment, 150 00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:29,860 I don't have purple clothes, I called there 'optometrist and I don't like you, go 151 00:10:29,860 --> 00:10:30,860 to an ophthalmologist. 152 00:10:31,520 --> 00:10:36,420 Whether it's a pull or a deadlift, i Retinal damage is considered to be 153 00:10:36,420 --> 00:10:37,420 immediate intervention. 154 00:10:37,910 --> 00:10:42,430 Patients sent here from the emergency room help is immediately entrusted 155 00:10:42,430 --> 00:10:46,910 ophthalmologist who examines them and evaluates whether it is possible to intervene on the detachment of 156 00:10:46,910 --> 00:10:47,910 or not. 157 00:10:48,030 --> 00:10:51,930 In some cases a simple traction can be treated in the clinic. 158 00:10:52,750 --> 00:10:58,930 The operation lasts approximately 60 seconds. With of lubricant is inserted 159 00:10:58,930 --> 00:11:02,930 lens into the eyeball and we use the laser through the lens. 160 00:11:06,990 --> 00:11:11,650 It can be said that we use a kind of mini laser welder with which to 161 00:11:11,650 --> 00:11:14,010 one minute we bomb the retina. 162 00:11:15,250 --> 00:11:19,510 The eyes need light to see, oh doctors need light to be able to do so 163 00:11:19,510 --> 00:11:24,270 repair. This light is laser, thank you to its heat doctors can 164 00:11:24,270 --> 00:11:26,050 engrave, drill and weld. 165 00:11:26,730 --> 00:11:31,350 The heat creates a scar and the scar closes the traction, in effect 166 00:11:31,350 --> 00:11:32,750 It repairs it, it just surrounds it. 167 00:11:33,200 --> 00:11:37,440 All in all it's a small intervention but very useful because it allowed me to 168 00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:38,440 don't lose your sight. 169 00:11:40,120 --> 00:11:44,320 Thanks to this mini soldering iron now the his vision has improved by twenty-twentieths. 170 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:49,860 I have to be more careful because if I'll take a blow to the head then 171 00:11:49,860 --> 00:11:54,520 damage the retina again. Not I can be a professional boxer but 172 00:11:54,520 --> 00:11:57,140 I think this is going to be a big one suffering. 173 00:11:58,370 --> 00:12:03,170 Thanks to the laser it is possible to bring back a eye that sees 20 out of 80 to 20 out of 20 174 00:12:03,170 --> 00:12:04,170 perfect view. 175 00:12:08,590 --> 00:12:13,370 20 twentieths is seeing at a distance of 20 feet what is normal to see from 176 00:12:13,370 --> 00:12:14,369 20 feet. 177 00:12:14,370 --> 00:12:18,630 20 fortieths is seeing at a distance 20 feet what is normal to see 178 00:12:18,630 --> 00:12:23,570 from 40 feet. So 40 fortieths wants say see from 40 feet. No. 179 00:12:23,980 --> 00:12:28,000 No, those are still twenty-twentieths. Always twenty twentieths? I always am 180 00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:29,000 twenty twentieths. 181 00:12:29,520 --> 00:12:34,120 Safe? Forty fortieths is twenty twentieths. And twenty fortieths are 182 00:12:34,120 --> 00:12:35,200 twenty twentieths? 183 00:12:35,540 --> 00:12:39,200 No, twenty fortieths no. Oh, there it is. 184 00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:45,900 Soon we will see how the post-operative course was a 185 00:12:46,220 --> 00:12:50,040 And how did we go from hatchets to microscalpels in just thirty years. 186 00:12:56,920 --> 00:13:00,580 The more I delved into the topic of 'ophthalmology, more it seemed to me than mine 187 00:13:00,580 --> 00:13:01,580 had problems. 188 00:13:01,780 --> 00:13:03,960 Are they far away and do they seem small to you? 189 00:13:04,380 --> 00:13:08,120 But have you noticed how strange the women at the end of that corridor? 190 00:13:08,560 --> 00:13:11,880 They all look like little ones dolls. 191 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:14,560 Uncle, it's the hospital shop. 192 00:13:15,420 --> 00:13:17,280 Those are really dolls. 193 00:13:18,020 --> 00:13:20,400 With my uncle it's always a question of perspective. 194 00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:25,000 Ophthalmologists are like mechanics, they check the gears and 195 00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:28,820 replace worn parts. Over two millions of Americans every year 196 00:13:28,820 --> 00:13:31,440 replace at least one, the crystalline. 197 00:13:33,560 --> 00:13:37,540 Everything I knew about cataracts it's that people usually suffer from it 198 00:13:37,540 --> 00:13:41,400 elderly, so imagine that surprised to discover I have one. 199 00:13:41,640 --> 00:13:46,220 Cataracts are like looking through a dirty windshield, which always becomes 200 00:13:46,220 --> 00:13:48,000 dirtier until you can't see each other anymore. 201 00:13:48,400 --> 00:13:51,900 It usually forms in people elderly but it can also happen in older people 202 00:13:51,900 --> 00:13:55,240 young people. I was born with a cataract in the eye. 203 00:13:55,780 --> 00:14:00,340 It can also be caused by rays ultraviolet. The sun gives a nice 204 00:14:00,340 --> 00:14:01,720 it can also give you cataracts. 205 00:14:02,140 --> 00:14:06,400 I often think okay I only have one Look, it really works so it will be 206 00:14:06,400 --> 00:14:07,500 you better take care of it. 207 00:14:08,780 --> 00:14:13,860 Cataracts are not the bête noire of 50 years ago. Progress in the implantation of 208 00:14:13,860 --> 00:14:16,160 artificial crystalline have made the difference. 209 00:14:16,620 --> 00:14:20,460 The reason why it takes measurements on the lens is for surgery on 210 00:14:20,460 --> 00:14:24,380 cataract, because when it is removed the cataract takes its place 211 00:14:24,380 --> 00:14:28,060 something else, you implant a artificial crystalline lens. The crystalline 212 00:14:28,060 --> 00:14:31,880 artificial was discovered thanks to a plane crash. An English pilot 213 00:14:31,880 --> 00:14:35,640 crashed during the Second War world championship and was found with pieces 214 00:14:35,640 --> 00:14:39,740 plastic inside the eye. Yes they were waiting for him to develop a 215 00:14:39,740 --> 00:14:42,980 they were waiting for him to lose his eye, but however there were no problems. 216 00:14:43,280 --> 00:14:47,820 Harold Ridley, an ophthalmologist from Royal Air Force, started a 217 00:14:47,820 --> 00:14:51,120 using the same type of plastic for the artificial lens. 218 00:14:52,660 --> 00:14:56,120 Nowadays ophthalmologists no longer have need for car demolitions. 219 00:14:56,400 --> 00:14:58,620 They use ultra-sophisticated tools. 220 00:14:59,060 --> 00:15:03,900 When I think of those surgeons who they work in microscopic spaces, ti 221 00:15:03,900 --> 00:15:08,480 in the eye, they perform complex interventions and difficult on such tiny organs, 222 00:15:08,500 --> 00:15:11,160 in a corner of my mind I find myself at think... 223 00:15:11,440 --> 00:15:17,200 I hope the surgeon sees well. One of the organs on which the intervention is carried out has a 224 00:15:17,200 --> 00:15:21,740 diameter from 3 to 5 mm, but it is totally responsible for central vision. 225 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:25,900 It is a part of the retina and is called macula. 226 00:15:26,240 --> 00:15:30,140 May suffer many mini attacks heart when the blood flow to the 227 00:15:30,140 --> 00:15:31,400 retina is interrupted. 228 00:15:32,060 --> 00:15:36,920 Doctors have 90 minutes beforehand that the blockage of the artery determines the 229 00:15:36,920 --> 00:15:37,920 cell death. 230 00:15:39,950 --> 00:15:44,070 The retina was a bit much for us. Mine uncle decided for something less 231 00:15:44,070 --> 00:15:45,070 compromising. 232 00:15:46,030 --> 00:15:48,510 Keep them carefully, there are a lot of them fond. 233 00:15:57,830 --> 00:15:58,890 Did I hurt you? 234 00:15:59,090 --> 00:16:00,470 The fingers! The glasses? 235 00:16:04,810 --> 00:16:05,810 Are you OK? 236 00:16:06,130 --> 00:16:07,130 I think so. 237 00:16:07,470 --> 00:16:08,610 But I don't see anything. 238 00:16:09,390 --> 00:16:10,369 Me neither. 239 00:16:10,370 --> 00:16:13,950 Maybe we had an injury to retina when we collided. If it is 240 00:16:13,950 --> 00:16:17,490 so, we have 90 minutes until the injury becomes permanent. 241 00:16:19,510 --> 00:16:26,470 I found my glasses. 242 00:16:26,910 --> 00:16:28,670 Soon you will see a strong light. 243 00:16:29,070 --> 00:16:31,750 Don't worry, it's not God. And look in front of him. 244 00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:36,640 What the eye surgeon does is to barely visible to himself. 245 00:16:37,540 --> 00:16:41,320 They have to look through these very high magnification microscopes 246 00:16:41,320 --> 00:16:42,340 understand where to affect. 247 00:16:44,420 --> 00:16:48,280 My wife came to visit me once and she stood in the doorway looking at me 248 00:16:48,280 --> 00:16:49,280 while I was operating. 249 00:16:49,580 --> 00:16:52,800 According to her I wasn't moving and she said, what? Is this your job? 250 00:16:53,340 --> 00:16:56,420 When we operate our hands they practically don't move. 251 00:16:57,020 --> 00:17:01,060 But for us millimeters are like kilometres. The difference between making mistakes 252 00:17:01,060 --> 00:17:04,960 half a millimeter or a tenth of millimeter is between seeing and not seeing. 253 00:17:05,800 --> 00:17:10,079 In cataract surgery, which lasts about 30 minutes, a needle is inserted into the 254 00:17:10,079 --> 00:17:13,260 'eye and make a series of very precise incisions to detach the 255 00:17:13,260 --> 00:17:15,540 crystalline. From what we see it is painless. 256 00:17:15,940 --> 00:17:17,760 Don't move, look towards the light. 257 00:17:19,740 --> 00:17:23,380 Ultrasound bombards the lens which then gets sucked into a 258 00:17:23,380 --> 00:17:24,380 microaspirator. 259 00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:29,320 One is put in its place artificial. 260 00:17:32,060 --> 00:17:34,020 You will feel a little pressure, it is normal. 261 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:39,360 The artificial lens looks like an omelette. Comes folded in half, comes 262 00:17:39,360 --> 00:17:40,940 inserted and then opens. 263 00:17:41,520 --> 00:17:46,120 The lens is inserted bent, so the incision is microscopic and not 264 00:17:46,120 --> 00:17:47,120 points are needed. 265 00:17:47,220 --> 00:17:49,580 The patient recovers his sight on the day same. 266 00:17:50,890 --> 00:17:54,610 By doing this the incision is reduced to half. A time for surgery 267 00:17:54,610 --> 00:17:58,990 cataract was cut so deep that if you moved after the operation l 268 00:17:58,990 --> 00:18:00,390 The vitro humor came out of the eye. 269 00:18:00,710 --> 00:18:04,750 It took six weeks in bed, with sandbags on the sides of the head 270 00:18:04,750 --> 00:18:08,530 for the wound to heal, but with the crystalline lens folded in half l 271 00:18:08,530 --> 00:18:13,050 The incision required is minimal and time consuming significantly reduced recovery times. 272 00:18:13,330 --> 00:18:17,730 Soon we will find out how processors with solar energy can restore the 273 00:18:17,730 --> 00:18:21,500 view. and they will give us some advice on how to protect your eyes. 274 00:18:27,180 --> 00:18:28,280 Did I hurt you? 275 00:18:28,500 --> 00:18:32,380 The fingers! The glasses? To this day mine uncle and I knew nothing about 276 00:18:32,380 --> 00:18:34,440 ostalmology. Now we understand. 277 00:18:34,680 --> 00:18:39,100 You need to recognize the symptoms before the matter degenerates. My glasses! 278 00:18:41,220 --> 00:18:43,960 In the last twenty years there has been a true revolution. 279 00:18:44,240 --> 00:18:47,200 Today's surgery didn't exist when I was a student. 280 00:18:47,870 --> 00:18:51,630 Opthalmology studies the human eye in depth, well beyond the 281 00:18:51,630 --> 00:18:55,830 ocular surface. There are capabilities and tools to penetrate our eyes 282 00:18:55,830 --> 00:18:57,030 up to the retina. 283 00:18:57,690 --> 00:19:02,110 And it's not just retinal problems and to the crystalline lens. Damage to sight 284 00:19:02,110 --> 00:19:05,670 they can also be an effect collateral of another disease, the 285 00:19:06,430 --> 00:19:10,590 If a person is diabetic or hypertensive, doctors check the vessels 286 00:19:10,590 --> 00:19:11,710 blood inside the eye. 287 00:19:11,930 --> 00:19:14,510 And here the secret weapon comes into play. 288 00:19:14,890 --> 00:19:19,750 It is a very sophisticated imaging test and It's called a fluorescent angiogram. 289 00:19:21,250 --> 00:19:26,330 To perform an angiogram fluorescent, we inject fluorescein 290 00:19:26,330 --> 00:19:28,590 intravenously into the patient's arm. 291 00:19:29,900 --> 00:19:34,460 When it reaches the heart, that's where it comes from pumped in every part of the body, including 292 00:19:34,460 --> 00:19:38,780 eyes. A series of are taken photos that reflect the substance in 293 00:19:38,780 --> 00:19:42,560 in the arteries and veins of the retina. In case of illness there are spills 294 00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:46,400 of the substance from the blood vessels. Nell the eye of a healthy person is not there 295 00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:47,440 they will be leaked. 296 00:19:47,660 --> 00:19:51,820 In case of spills or blood in the back of the eye, the 297 00:19:51,820 --> 00:19:56,240 macula responsible for central vision yes it mattifies and is sometimes a very process 298 00:19:56,240 --> 00:19:57,240 slow. 299 00:19:59,550 --> 00:20:03,510 Gradually milkier, due to the leakage from the blood vessels of the 300 00:20:03,510 --> 00:20:05,290 substance injected into the patient. 301 00:20:06,130 --> 00:20:10,730 This area coordinates the ability to reading, recognizing faces, driving. It is 302 00:20:10,730 --> 00:20:12,890 most sensitive area of the retina, the most important. 303 00:20:13,870 --> 00:20:17,510 When retinal cells die, there is no way to regenerate them. 304 00:20:18,570 --> 00:20:22,770 There is drug therapy, but i doctors are working on a microchip 305 00:20:22,770 --> 00:20:24,230 which repairs damaged vision. 306 00:20:24,990 --> 00:20:29,110 The chip is inserted into the retina. It is as big as the black spot on this one 307 00:20:29,110 --> 00:20:30,110 currency. 308 00:20:30,250 --> 00:20:31,530 Really tiny, huh? 309 00:20:31,770 --> 00:20:33,490 But he does a great job. 310 00:20:33,750 --> 00:20:38,670 The chip captures light and converts it into electrical impulses that are sent 311 00:20:38,670 --> 00:20:42,870 to the optic nerve. The brain translates the pulses in black and white images. 312 00:20:42,910 --> 00:20:46,930 It won't be a high vision definition, but it certainly defeats the 313 00:20:47,490 --> 00:20:52,010 These microchips prove what progress did he do ophthalmology and with which one 314 00:20:52,010 --> 00:20:56,280 speed. They existed in the 1920s glass eyes were a solution 315 00:20:56,280 --> 00:21:00,380 purely aesthetic, but they had a dangerous inclination to explode. 316 00:21:00,780 --> 00:21:05,260 The English journal of ostalmology stated that temperature variations 317 00:21:05,260 --> 00:21:08,720 atmospheric pressure they could do explode the air bubbles contained in the 318 00:21:08,720 --> 00:21:09,720 glass. 319 00:21:14,340 --> 00:21:18,980 Robert, if there's one thing I've learned today is that I must never believe my own 320 00:21:18,980 --> 00:21:20,700 eyes. Yep, look. 321 00:21:21,310 --> 00:21:26,010 Now, for example, I think I see two people, but it's not reality, it's a 322 00:21:26,010 --> 00:21:27,270 'illusion. Yes. 323 00:21:27,570 --> 00:21:29,610 No, no, no, I'll prove it to you right now. 324 00:21:30,570 --> 00:21:34,430 See, this is the real person and this it's the illusion. 325 00:21:36,250 --> 00:21:39,150 But the patient... Your vision is perfect. I know, thanks. 326 00:21:42,750 --> 00:21:46,910 There are some things that cannot be done do, but avoid making your vision worse, 327 00:21:46,910 --> 00:21:47,910 yes, this is possible. 328 00:21:48,550 --> 00:21:50,010 Here are some suggestions. 329 00:21:51,090 --> 00:21:55,270 many people go to the ophthalmologist they have eye problems and don't know it 330 00:21:55,270 --> 00:21:59,830 just because a lot of the facts don't fit traumatic to the eyes are easily 331 00:21:59,830 --> 00:22:04,650 avoidable by wearing protective lenses these are ski goggles he had said 332 00:22:04,650 --> 00:22:09,810 protective lenses it doesn't matter I don't know what drove me there 333 00:22:09,810 --> 00:22:14,070 'Ophthalmology I believe the potential difficulty operating on an organ 334 00:22:14,070 --> 00:22:18,770 as delicate as the eye and relevance that has for the person you want to help 335 00:22:18,770 --> 00:22:21,280 they made it clear that it was the choice for me. 336 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:26,320 If you truly help someone, you help them especially to improve quality 337 00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:27,320 his life. 338 00:22:27,960 --> 00:22:31,940 Ophthalmologists are extremely accurate. They don't stop at what he does in 339 00:22:31,940 --> 00:22:35,500 surface and have suitable tools to see things you will never see. 340 00:22:35,840 --> 00:22:39,860 I am proud to tell you that my uncle and I we passed all the exams, too 341 00:22:39,860 --> 00:22:41,380 the ones we shouldn't have done. 342 00:22:41,740 --> 00:22:43,900 Put it down! That's a laser, put it on down! 343 00:22:48,740 --> 00:22:51,960 It's a miracle that we came out with our heads and the retina still healthy. 344 00:22:52,340 --> 00:22:54,580 We have our eyes clear, it's time of champagne. 345 00:22:56,100 --> 00:22:57,340 Where are the ski goggles?